疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)管理(li)法(fa)草(cao)(cao)案23日(ri)首次(ci)提(ti)請十三屆人大(da)常委會第七次(ci)會議審議。草(cao)(cao)案就疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)管理(li)單(dan)獨立(li)法(fa)，突出(chu)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)管理(li)特點，強化疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的風(feng)險管理(li)、全程控制(zhi)(zhi)、嚴格監(jian)管和社會共治，切實疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)安全、有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)和規(gui)(gui)范接(jie)種(zhong)。黨中央、國務(wu)院高(gao)度(du)重視(shi)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)監(jian)管工作，要求加(jia)快完(wan)善疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)藥品監(jian)管長效(xiao)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)管理(li)單(dan)獨立(li)法(fa)，有(you)(you)(you)利于進一步提(ti)高(gao)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)管理(li)措施的穩定性。藥監(jian)局政(zheng)策法(fa)規(gui)(gui)司有(you)(you)(you)關負責人介紹，2005年國務(wu)院出(chu)臺了(le)《疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)流(liu)通和預(yu)防接(jie)種(zhong)管理(li)條例》，并于2016年進行了(le)修訂。此次(ci)提(ti)交審議的疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)管理(li)法(fa)草(cao)(cao)案，對疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)研制(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)產、流(liu)通、預(yu)防接(jie)種(zhong)、補償、賠償等以法(fa)律形(xing)式進行明確規(gui)(gui)定，有(you)(you)(you)利于建(jian)立(li)系(xi)統的、全鏈條的疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。

一次性換藥包如何使用一次性換藥包經常用在外科的護理上面，一次性換藥包一般內裝一次性鑷子、沙布、棉球、乳膠手套或PE手套，居家常備實用小藥包，有擦傷，磕碰，十分的方便1一次性換藥包是一個很實用的物件，居家旅行，家中常備，當出現擦傷碰傷時使用非常方便。醫用一次性使用無菌塑柄手術刀2打開藥包，里面得物品時非常齊全的，一點不足的是沒有消毒酒精。一次性使用無菌塑柄手術刀批發3取出鑷(nie)子，棉球，沾酒精(jing)對(dui)擦(ca)傷(shang)傷(shang)口進行消毒處理(li)，如過需要紗布包的話(hua)可以包一下。

導(dao)尿(niao)設(she)(she)備(bei)在(zai)(zai)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)當中也是(shi)(shi)經(jing)常(chang)(chang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),在(zai)(zai)泌尿(niao)肛腸等醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)科室經(jing)常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)導(dao)尿(niao)設(she)(she)備(bei)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)都是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)。下面介紹(shao)的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)-次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)瑩導(dao)尿(niao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)就是(shi)(shi)同類(lei)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)中性(xing)(xing)(xing)能非(fei)常(chang)(chang)優越(yue)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能,這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)-次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)菌(jun)導(dao)尿(niao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)給臨床上的(de)(de)(de)患(huan)者導(dao)尿(niao)之用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)是(shi)(shi)經(jing)過了環氧(yang)乙烷滅瑩,非(fei)常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)衛生(sheng)和(he)安全，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)起(qi)來(lai)也非(fei)常(chang)(chang)方便。該產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)是(shi)(shi)由(you)洞巾,布和(he)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)尿(niao)管、橡(xiang)膠醫(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手套、海綿刷、紗布塊、石蠟棉(mian)球物(wu)品(pin)(pin)盒和(he)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)引(yin)流袋等幾部分組(zu)成。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)- -次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)起(qi)來(lai)也非(fei)常(chang)(chang)方便。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)起(qi)來(lai)也比較簡單(dan),首(shou)先(xian),在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前要(yao)檢查單(dan)包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)是(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)沒有(you)損壞,滅菌(jun)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效期(qi)是(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)正常(chang)(chang);其(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou),先(xian)打開包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang),在(zai)(zai)將包(bao)(bao)(bao)布打開,再戴(dai)上手套,然(ran)后(hou);按(an)照常(chang)(chang)規的(de)(de)(de)方法來(lai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)導(dao)尿(niao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)里的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)件(jian);其(qi)三,-般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效期(qi)是(shi)(shi)兩年 ,如果(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)已經(jing)過了有(you)效期(qi),絕對不能使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);四,如果(guo)(guo)包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)破損了也不能使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);五(wu),這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)-次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)，禁止重復(fu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)完后(hou)要(yao)銷毀,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)日期(qi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)封口處。

一(yi)(yi)(yi)次性(xing)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)包的(de)使(shi)用(yong)方法一(yi)(yi)(yi)次性(xing)使(shi)用(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)管用(yong)于(yu)(yu)臨床患者抽(chou)取氣(qi)(qi)管內痰(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)液(ye)或分(fen)泌(mi)液(ye)用(yong)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)次性(xing)使(shi)用(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)管吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)動作要輕(qing)、穩(wen)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)次吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時間不應超過15秒，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)引器連續使(shi)用(yong)時間不超過3分(fen)鐘。1檢查吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)引器各部(bu)(bu)連接(jie)(jie)是(shi)否完善，有無漏氣(qi)(qi)。接(jie)(jie)通電源，打開開關(guan)，檢查吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)引器性(xing)能，調節負壓(ya)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)成人(ren)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)負壓(ya)約40-50 kPa，小(xiao)(xiao)兒(er)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)約13-30kPa，將(jiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次性(xing)使(shi)用(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)管置于(yu)(yu)水中，試(shi)驗吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)引力，并沖洗皮管。2將(jiang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)頭(tou)部(bu)(bu)轉向護士，鋪治療巾于(yu)(yu)頜(he)下(xia)(xia)。插(cha)入(ru)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次性(xing)使(shi)用(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)管，其順序是(shi)由(you)口(kou)腔前庭→頰部(bu)(bu)→咽(yan)部(bu)(bu)，將(jiang)各部(bu)(bu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)盡。如口(kou)腔吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)有困(kun)難(nan)時，可由(you)鼻(bi)腔插(cha)入(ru)(顱(lu)底骨折患者禁用(yong))，其順序由(you)鼻(bi)腔前庭→下(xia)(xia)鼻(bi)道→鼻(bi)后孔(kong)→咽(yan)部(bu)(bu)→氣(qi)(qi)管(約20-25cm)，將(jiang)分(fen)泌(mi)物逐段吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)盡。3氣(qi)(qi)管內吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)，待病(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)時，快速(su)將(jiang)導(dao)管插(cha)入(ru)，自下(xia)(xia)而上邊退邊左右旋轉導(dao)管，消除氣(qi)(qi)道分(fen)泌(mi)物，并注意觀察病(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)的(de)呼吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。在吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)引過程中，如病(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)咳嗽厲害，應稍等(deng)片刻后再行吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)出(chu)。并隨(sui)時沖洗吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)引管，以免(mian)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)液(ye)堵塞。4吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)畢，關(guan)閉吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)引器開關(guan)，棄吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)導(dao)管于(yu)(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)桶(tong)內，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)引膠管玻璃接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)插(cha)入(ru)床欄上盛有消毒液(ye)瓶內備用(yong)，將(jiang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)口(kou)腔周圍擦凈。觀察吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)出(chu)液(ye)的(de)量、顏色及性(xing)質，必要時做好記錄(lu)。

導(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)包使(shi)用(yong)(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)禁(jin)忌(ji)癥及注意(yi)事(shi)項1 本品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)請在醫(yi)生處方后(hou)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)前請閱(yue)讀(du)說明書。2本產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)在操作過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)應(ying)按無菌操作技(ji)術(shu)規范進(jin)(jin)行。3 導(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)包的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)和導(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)的(de)操作應(ying)由受過(guo)專業培訓(xun)的(de)醫(yi)護(hu)人員進(jin)(jin)行。4、插(cha)入(ru)(ru)導(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)管(guan)(guan)時應(ying)讓患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)保持正確體位，插(cha)管(guan)(guan)動(dong)作輕柔，避(bi)免損傷(shang)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)道(dao)粘膜。女性患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)如導(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)管(guan)(guan)誤入(ru)(ru)陰(yin)道(dao)應(ying)換管(guan)(guan)重新插(cha)入(ru)(ru)。男性患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)插(cha)入(ru)(ru)導(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)管(guan)(guan)時應(ying)保障陰(yin)莖(jing)與腹(fu)壁成60度角(jiao)。5、患(huan)(huan)(huan)有(you)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)道(dao)疾(ji)病(bing)及橡膠過(guo)敏者(zhe)請慎重使(shi)用(yong)(yong)！6 使(shi)用(yong)(yong)本產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，如發現瘙癢、皮膚(fu)發紅、蕁(qian)麻(ma)疹、水(shui)腫(zhong)等(deng)過(guo)敏癥狀應(ying)立即(ji)停止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，并(bing)請醫(yi)生進(jin)(jin)行處置。7、本產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)為(wei)環氧乙烷滅(mie)菌產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)效期(qi)(qi)兩年。8、生產(chan)日期(qi)(qi)見(jian)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)封口、消毒日期(qi)(qi)見(jian)外(wai)包裝箱。9本產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)僅限(xian)于一(yi)次性使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，失效日期(qi)(qi)見(jian)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)包裝。

一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)使用吸痰(tan)管操作方法(1)檢查(cha)(cha)吸引(yin)(yin)器(qi)(qi)各部(bu)(bu)連接是(shi)否完善(shan)，有(you)無漏氣(qi)(qi)。接通電源，打開(kai)(kai)開(kai)(kai)關，檢查(cha)(cha)吸引(yin)(yin)器(qi)(qi)性(xing)能(neng)，調節(jie)負壓(ya)(ya)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)成人吸痰(tan)負壓(ya)(ya)約40-50 kPa，小兒(er)吸痰(tan)約13-30kPa，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)使用吸痰(tan)管置于水中，試(shi)驗吸引(yin)(yin)力，并沖洗(xi)皮管。(2)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)病人頭部(bu)(bu)轉向(xiang)護士，鋪治(zhi)療(liao)巾于頜下。(3)插入(ru)一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)使用吸痰(tan)管，其(qi)順序(xu)是(shi)由(you)(you)口(kou)腔前(qian)庭→頰部(bu)(bu)→咽(yan)部(bu)(bu)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)各部(bu)(bu)吸盡(jin)(jin)。如(ru)口(kou)腔吸痰(tan)有(you)困難時(shi)，可(ke)由(you)(you)鼻腔插入(ru)(顱底骨折患者禁用)，其(qi)順序(xu)由(you)(you)鼻腔前(qian)庭→下鼻道→鼻后孔→咽(yan)部(bu)(bu)→氣(qi)(qi)管(約20-25cm)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)分泌(mi)物逐段吸盡(jin)(jin)。若有(you)氣(qi)(qi)管插管或(huo)氣(qi)(qi)管切(qie)開(kai)(kai)時(shi)，可(ke)由(you)(you)插管或(huo)套管內插入(ru)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)痰(tan)液吸出。昏迷病人可(ke)用壓(ya)(ya)舌(she)板或(huo)開(kai)(kai)口(kou)器(qi)(qi)先將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口(kou)啟開(kai)(kai)，再行吸引(yin)(yin)。